Immunomodulatory Effects of Statins in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza Viruses

Abstract

Background and aim: Influenza, commonly referred to as "the flu," is an infectious illness caused by influenza viruses (IV). Despite the availability of efficient antiviral drugs, the IV still significantly increases mortality. Antiviral drugs swiftly remove these viruses from pulmonary secretions, suggesting that a prolonged inflammatory response may be to blame for the poor result. Therefore, using immunomodulatory medications looks advantageous. Numerous anti-inflammatory effects are produced by statins. Numerous retrospective studies recommended that statins be considered for IV therapy. This study set out to comprehensively examine the immunomodulatory potential of statins in IV prophylaxis and therapy. Methods: From the beginning until 25 March 2022, a number of electronic databases (Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, OVID, EBSCO, and CINAHL) were searched for cohort studies and randomized trials assessing the association between outcomes or risk of infections and statin therapy. Data were gathered on the investigated characteristics, measuring statin usage, quality evaluation, and results (set for potential confounders). Results: Finding additional therapeutic agents for influenza prevention and management is crucial since there are uncertain public health issues regarding the clinical efficacy of conventional medications. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are released as a result of influenza. According to the results, by using anti inflammatory medications, severe influenza infections can be prevented along with pleiotropic effects. As a result, statins, which are cardioprotective medications with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, may be beneficial for individuals with IV. Conclusion: Based on the positive immunomodulatory effects of statin administration, our systematic review's findings suggested that IVs may be prevented and treated.