Optimalizace odhodové vzdálenosti pro test přesnosti hodu na cíl u mládeže věkové kategorie 11–14 let

Abstract

Throw accuracy is not being currently quite developed within school PE lessons; it is being developed only as part of skills of a particular sports discipline. Th is shortcoming may stem from the lack of a suitable test assessing this skill. In the literature we have seen only three throw accuracy tests intended for school youngsters (Bös 2001, Mecner 1975, Měkota; Blahuš 1983). Th ese tests consist of a few repeated series of throws, failing to distinguish a throwing distance for boys and girls and even age groups, and requiring a rather complicated graphic record of successful target hits that cannot be assessed easily and quickly during a PE lesson. Th e purpose of the study is to create a test of measuring throw accuracy at a target eliminating the aforementioned shortcomings. Th e optimisation of a throwing distance is based on the condition of a normal Gaussian distribution of data related to individual throwing distances, and on the condition that an average number of target hits within a concrete throwing distance will be close to 7.5 target hits. To assess the importance of the diff erence of the observed throwing distances one-factor ANOVA (One Way Analysis of Variance) was used. Th e assessed group consisted of 105 boys and 114 girls of three randomly selected schools in Ostrava between 11 and 14 years old. Th ree throwing distances were determined (boys 6; 8; 10 m, girls 3.5; 5.5; 7.5 m) in combination with a vertical round target of 0.7 m in diameter. Th e tested person used an overarm throwing technique and made 20 throws for each throwing distance. Th e test score was the number of the target hits from the 6th - 20th throw (training: 1st -5th throw). Th e optimum throwing distances were identifi ed for the accuracy test of a target throw for boys of the 11-12 year category (6 m), 13-14 year category (8 m), for girls of the 11-12 year category (5.5 m), 13-14 year category (7.5 m) while using a target of 0.7 m in diameter.