Efficacy and Safety of Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers vs Proton Pump Inhibitors for Peptic Ulcer Disease or Postprocedural Artificial Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and postprocedural artificial ulcers are common ulcer disease. For them, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) are commonly used in clinical practice. PPI requires acid, time, and multiple doses, but P-CAB has fewer limitations. We compared the efficacy, safety, and prevention of PPI and P-CAB in PUD or artificial ulcer. METHODS: We searched PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for all studies. All eligible randomized controlled trials up to August 5, 2023, were included. Healing rates, shrinking rates, treatment-emergent adverse events rates, and recurrence rates were measured. Risk of bias, sensitivity analyses, and heterogeneity were also performed. RESULTS: Twenty researches that were selected from 926 screening studies and in total 6,551 participants were included. The risk ratio (RR) of healing rate with P-CABs vs PPIs of PUD at 4 weeks was RR 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.98–1.04). In addition, the healing rate distinction of artificial peptic ulcer was RR 1.04 (0.89–1.22), and the shrinking rate was mean difference 0.10 (−1.30–1.51). The result of treatment-emergent adverse event rate of PUD was RR 1.11 (0.91–1.35), and the delayed bleeding rate of artificial ulcer was RR 0.35 (0.16–0.80). The RR for recurrence rate of drug-related ulcers was 0.45 (0.25–0.81). DISCUSSION: P-CAB is noninferior in healing artificial ulcer and PUD, also the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events. But, there may be a statistical advantage in holding back delayed bleeding and preventing drug-induced ulcers. More standardized experiments are needed for further applications and more precise conclusions.