Risk of Small Intestine Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Propensity-Matched Study From a Large Multicenter Database in the United States

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The risk of small bowel cancer (SBC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We compared the recent trends of SBC in patients with IBD and stratified them based on disease type. METHODS: We used TriNetX database to access the electronic health records for patients with IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn's disease (CD) from 2005 to 2024. We used propensity score matching to compare the rate of SBC in patients with IBD, UC, and CD compared with the general population. We adjusted for all known confounders. RESULTS: From 2010 to 2024, there was an increasing trend of diagnosed SBC in patients with IBD, with an average annual percentage change of 3.2% (P < 0.001). Patients with CD (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.83; 95% confidence interval: 3.58–6.53; P < 0.0001) had an increased risk of SBC compared with the general population without IBD, as well as patients with UC (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.65–3.14; P < 0.0001). The ileum was the most common location across all subgroups. DISCUSSION: Both patients with CD and, interestingly, UC had an elevated risk of developing SBC compared with the general population.