Imeglimin: features of the mechanism of action and potential benefits

Abstract

Imeglimin is the first drug in a new class of tetrahydrotriazine-containing oral hypoglycemic agents called «glimines». Its mechanism of action is aimed at achieving a double effect, firstly, to improve the function of beta cells of the pancreas, and secondly, to enhance the action of insulin in key tissues, including the liver and skeletal muscles. At the cellular level, imeglimin modulates mitochondrial function, which leads to an improvement in cellular energy metabolism, as well as to the protection of cells from death in conditions of excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. It is important to note that the mechanism of action of imeglimin differs from existing drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, imeglimin enhances insulin secretion in an exclusively glucose-dependent manner, but their mechanism of action at the cellular level diverges. Sulfonylureas and glinides function by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels to release insulin, which is also different from imeglimin. Compared with metformin, the effect of imeglimine is also significantly different. Other major classes of oral antihypertensive agents, such as sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and α glucosidase inhibitors mediate their action through mechanisms that do not overlap with imeglimine. Given such differences in the mechanisms of action, imeglimin can be used as part of combination therapy, for example with sitagliptin and metformin. The imeglimine molecule is well absorbed (Tmax-4), and the half-life is 5–6 hours, is largely excreted through the kidneys, and also has no clinically significant interactions with either metformin or sitagliptin.