Prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with new coronavirus infection

Abstract

BACKGRAUND: There is evidence of a multifactorial effect of SARS-CoV2 on carbohydrate metabolism with the development of hyperglycemia and the weighting of COVID19 even in people without DM.AIMS: Assess the prevalence of disorders carbohydrate metabolism (DCM) in hospitalized patients with a new coronavirus infection without a history of DM.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID19 aged 18-75 years (n=72) without a history of diabetes were examined. Observation was carried out from the moment of hospitalization to discharge. Patients were collected anamnesis data, laboratory and instrumental studies, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial glycemia.RESULTS: The prevalence of DCM (HbA1c≥6%) in 72 patients with COVID19 without a history of diabetes admitted to the hospital was 41,7%, while HbA1c ≥6,5% had 8,3%. The median HbA1c in the moderate-flow group was 5,7% [5,3–6,0], and in the severe-flow group it was 6,0% [5,8–6,2] (p=0,008). Participants were divided into groups according to the level of HbA1c≥6% and < 6%. The examined patients showed a high prevalence of risk factors for developing DM: age over 45 years — 83,3%, cardiovascular diseases — 46,3%, obesity — 50%. The study groups didn’t differ statistically in terms of risk factors for DM. In the group with HbA1c≥6%, FPG≥6,1 mmol / l on the second day and postprandial glycemia ≥7,8 mmol/l were observed in more cases than in the group with HbA1c<6% (39,1% vs 12,9%, p=0,051 and 47,8% vs 3,2%, p=0,0001, respectively). The prevalence of DCM in HbA1c was higher than in FPG (41,7% vs 29,2%, p=0,006). On the seventh day, the number of patients with FPG ≥ 6,1 mmol / l in the first group decreased from 39,1% to 4,4% (p=0,01), and in the second group-from 12,9% to 9,7% (p=1,0). There was a direct correlation between the level of HbA1c and C-reactive protein (r=0,271; p=0,048), and an inverse correlation with the content of lymphocytes in the blood (r=-0,25; p=0,068).CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a new coronavirus infection without a history of DM, a high prevalence of DCM was detected — 41,7%. Against the background of comparability of the studied groups by risk factors for DM, an increase in HbA1c, FPG and postprandial glycemia is a manifestation of transient hyperglycemia. Given the high prevalence of DCM, it can be assumed that SARS-CoV2 has diabetogenic properties.