Attentional Engagement During Mobile Application Skill Learning Among Patients With Memory Impairment: A Case Series Exploration

Abstract

Abstract Importance: Attentional engagement is essential for successful cognitive rehabilitation, but little is known about longitudinal interactions with skill learning. Objective: To examine how attentional engagement is associated with mobile application skill learning for memory compensation. We hypothesized that patients with greater functional capacity would demonstrate faster learning and attentional engagement drop with skill acquisition, whereas patients with lesser functional capacity would have to maintain attentional engagement to progress throughout training. Design: A case series approach was used with longitudinal skill learning and electroencephalographic (EEG) data recorded across multiple trials and sessions of mobile calendar application training. Setting: The study was run in a hospital-based neuropsychology clinic. Participants: Seven participants (5 with acquired brain injury, 1 with mild cognitive impairment, and 1 healthy older adult) were recruited. Intervention: Mobile application operation was trained for the purpose of memory compensation. Skill learning was facilitated through a structured rehabilitation protocol, including large amounts of guided practice with the integration of errorless learning. Outcomes and Measures: We quantified learning using the proportion of application steps completed independently at each session. We measured attentional engagement using an EEG marker: the Brain Engagement Index. Results: For fast learners, attentional engagement generally decreased as mobile application learning progressed. In contrast, slow learners exhibited stable engagement over time with consistent, yet much slower, progress in skill learning. Conclusions and Relevance: The present data indicate that when cognitive impairment is more substantial, skill learning may involve greater attentional engagement. What This Article Adds: Patients undergoing memory rehabilitation may benefit from methods to enhance attentional engagement during skill learning when executive dysfunction is a considerable element of their cognitive profile. Monitoring attentional engagement during cognitive rehabilitation may be useful in identifying and addressing barriers to learning in real time.