Vegetation characterization in gully areas as basis for soil conservation

Abstract

Gullies are an expression of intense environmental degradation, particularly soil and vegetation. The objective of this work was to characterize the natural regeneration and vegetation planted in gully areas in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, so the distribution and occurrence of the species can generate useful information for an adequate diagnosis on the development stage of gullies and for soil conservation. The study involved the characterization of vegetation present in the different segments of the gully areas, the bed, the bare middle third (BMT), middle third with vegetation cover (MTVC), and a fragment of native vegetation (FNV) located closer to the gully areas and adopted as a reference. In the gully area 3, the sampling took place in locations that were implanted with eucalyptus and candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus) vegetation, being these segments here termed as middle third with eucalyptus (MTE) and the middle third with candeia (MTC). Water erosion has impacted the plant cover, as well as some of the soil attributes, especially in BMT segment, where the vegetation has been eliminated, mainly due to the decreased levels of geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates, soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks), low values of exchangeable Ca+2 and Mg+2, available K+ and P, and organic matter. There was a predominance of Melastomataceae, Poaceae and Gleicheniaceae families, which were responsible for covering more than 90% of the gully areas. The gully areas showed pioneer plant vegetation, indicating that they are in the early successional stage.