Distribution of coronary arteries and histopathological analysis of three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus) heart

Author:

Albuquerque Priscilla Virgínio de1ORCID,Torres Sandra Maria de1ORCID,Mesquita Emanuela Polimeni de2ORCID,Nascimento Júlio Cézar dos Santos1ORCID,Ribeiro Apolônio Gomes3ORCID,Evêncio Neto Joaquim1ORCID,Andrade Gilcifran Prestes de1ORCID,Amorim Júnior Adelmar Afonso de4ORCID,Amorim Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Brazil

2. Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco (UFAPE), Brazil

3. Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Brazil

4. Faculdade Tiradentes (FITS), Brazil

Abstract

Abstract The three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus) has been a victim of disorderly human interventions, leading to an increase in accidents and diseases for the species. This study aimed to provide a description of the coronary arteries and to high light the histopathological findings in the sloth’s heart. This information should be beneficial for medical clinics dealing with these species. Eighteen B. variegatus specimens were dissected after natural death. Fifteen of them, comprising five adult males, nine adult females, and one juvenile, were fixed with formaldehyde and preserved in saline solution. In two males and one female, red-coloured latex was injected through the left common carotid artery to make the coronary arteries more visible. In the female, blue-coloured latex was also injected through the right external jugular vein to aid in arterial identification. The chests were opened to evaluate and extract the heart for a detailed description of the coronary arteries. For histopathological analysis, histological slides were prepared from four hearts collected from four animals (three adults and one juvenile). Arterial analyses revealed that sloths possess two coronary arteries: one on the right and one on the left side, each of which supplies blood to their respective surfaces. The heart is composed of the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium, similar to mammals in general. However, necrosis of endocardial tissue and cardiac muscle fbres, as well as myxomatous degeneration of valves and thrombi in vascular lumens, were observed. These necrotic events, more extensive in nature, are related to infarctions, while the more subtle ones may be associated with stressful situations experienced by the individuals.

Publisher

FapUNIFESP (SciELO)

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