Affiliation:
1. Harvard School of Public Health, USA
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies of air pollution effects on respiratory health report significant modification by sex, although results are not uniform. Importantly, it remains unclear whether modifications are attributable to socially derived gendered exposures, to sex-linked physiological differences, or to some interplay thereof. Gender analysis, which aims to disaggregate social from biological differences between males and females, may help to elucidate these possible sources of effect modification. Studies of children suggest stronger effects among boys in early life and among girls in later childhood. The qualitative review describes possible sources of difference in air pollution response between women and men, which may vary by life stage, coexposures, hormonal status, or other factors. The sources of observed effect modifications remain unclear, although gender analytic approaches may help to disentangle gender and sex differences in pollution response. A framework for incorporating gender analysis into environmental epidemiology is offered, along with several potentially useful methods from gender analysis.
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Health Policy
Reference146 articles.
1. Genders, sexes, and health: what are the differences, and why does it matter?;Krieger N;Int J Epidemiol,2003
2. Are there sex and gender differences in acute exposure to chemicals in the same setting?;Arbuckle TE;Environ Res,2006
3. Sex, gender, and women's occupational health: the importance of considering mechanism;Messing K;Environ Res,2006
4. Be the fairest of them all: challenges and recommendations for the treatment of gender in occupational health research;Messing K;Am J Ind Med,2003
5. Gender and respiratory findings in workers occupationally exposed to organic aerosols: a meta analysis of 12 cross-sectional studies;Schachter EN;Environ Health,2009
Cited by
43 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献