Germination, growth and morpho-anatomical development of Catasetum macrocarpum (Orchidaceae) in vitro

Abstract

Abstract Catasetum macrocarpum is an epiphytic orchid that has been subjected to strong environmental pressure in the state of Tocantins. This investigation aimed at studying the germination, growth and morpho-anatomical development of C. macrocarpum under in vitro conditions. The effects of three culture media on the in vitro germination and on the multiplication and growth of 90-day-old seedlings were studied: Murashige & Skoog (full- and half-strength), Knudson C, and Vacin & Went. The effects of different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the multiplication and growth of 120-day-old plants were evaluated. Anatomical studies were conducted on protocorms at different developmental stages. Acclimatization was also carried out. Knudson C was the best medium for seed germination whereas Vacin & Went promoted the greatest protocorm development. Half-strength Murashige & Skoog was the most effective medium for seedling multiplication and growth. The results revealed that 1 mg L-1 BA was the best treatment for shoot proliferation and leaf production. NAA at 0.5 mg L-1 strongly favored root formation. The anatomical study revealed that the early stages of C. macrocarpum development do not always coincide with the morphological phases described. The acclimatization of C. macrocarpum plants provided successful results regarding plant survival.