Energy Security Transition: clean energy, critical minerals, and new dependencies

Abstract

Abstract Different dynamics can be observed between the renewable and fossil energy markets, suggesting the need for different approaches in the theoretical and practical field of energy security. However, in the context of the current energy transition, there is a geographic concentration of production chains of new clean energy-generating equipment, which creates new dependencies for inputs and commercial partners. Consequently, energy security is affected by the relationship with non-fuel inputs such as critical minerals. In this work, we seek to engage in documentary research followed by a quantitative analysis of data provided by the United States Geological Survey. After the presentation of the theoretical discussion about energy security, energy transition and critical minerals, we analyse documents from the energy and mineral sectors written in the period from 2000 to 2020. It is posited that the transition towards less polluting energy matrices can result in the creation of new dependencies and that access to non-fuel resources is a condition for the success of the energy transition.