Visual outcomes in diabetic macular edema patients after avastin injection

Abstract

Objective: To determine the visual outcome in Diabetic Macular Edema patients after 3rd Avastin injections attending a tertiary eye care hospital. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study with Non probability convenient sampling technique. The study was carried out at Diabetic clinic of Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Isra Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Karachi-Pakistan. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review board of Institute. Data collection were done retrospectively from January 2017 to June 2019. Data were retrieved for DME patients who have completed three follow-ups with Avastin injection. Inclusion Criteria were patients with age 30 to 60 years, Patient with PDR and NPDR with diabetic macular edema after 3rd injection. Data Analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0. Results: A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients were included in this study after getting information from the record sheet. Analysis were done in 30 eyes of 30 patients because 10 patients were missed their follow-up due to certain reason which were observed from record sheet. Mean age of patients was found to be 41.25±10.24.Pre-operative Avastin injection best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was noticed by using Log MAR without glasses was 0.49 and with glasses was 0.40. Post-operative best corrected visual acuity Log MAR without glasses 0.51 and with glasses 0.42 after Avastin injection. Improvement of visual acuity was classified as Improved, worsen and Stable. There were 22 (73.33%) patients observed with improvement in visual acuity, 5 (16.66%) patients retained their vision stable and only 3 (10%) patients worsen their visual acuity after all three Avastin injections. Conclusion: The most common cause of diabetic macular edema is non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. The Intravitreal injection play vital role, the timely treatment would improve prognosis of visual outcomes in Diabetic macular edema. So the study significantly shows the improvement in best corrected visual acuity before and after three visits.