Design and analysis of a 2.4 GHz whip antenna for tyre pressure monitoring system

Abstract

This paper presents the performance analysis of a quarter-wave monopole antenna radiating at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Two antenna models were proposed. The whip monopole antenna (WMA) at length l-equal to λ / 4 , and the improved whip monopole antenna (IWMA) at a length slightly less than λ / 4 . To get the IWMA, the length of the antenna was gradually reduced by a factor of 0.25 mm until the optimum length of the antenna was achieved. The antennas were modelled and analyzed using a 3D electromagnetic solver known as HFSS. Simulation results show that the IWMA has excellent performance over the WMA. The WMA resonated at 2.3 GHz, with a reflection coefficient of -12.36 dB, a VSWR of 1.65, an impedance bandwidth of 2.17–2.47 GHz and a gain of 5.9 dB. But by slightly reducing the length of the monopole antenna, the IWMA resonated at 2.4 GHz. The reflection coefficient of the IWMA was 1.99 dB better than the WMA. The IWMA had a wider impedance bandwidth than the WMA. It was only in the antenna gain that the WMA was better. The IWMA can function as a tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) antenna because it is compact and have excellent antenna parameters.