Severe acute malnutrition among infants under 6 months of age in the teaching hospital of Borgou / Alibori in Northen Benin

Abstract

Background: Acute malnutrition in infants under six months is a scourge that is little studied in relation to the global problem of child malnutrition. This paper aims to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic, and outcome features of this phenomenon in the Teaching Hospital of Borgou /Alibori based in Parakou in northern Benin. Patients and methods: This was a two years case-control retrospective and descriptive study carried out in the pediatric care unit of the said hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. It included infants aged 1 to 6 months presenting with severe acute malnutrition defined according to the WHO criteria. Variables investigated were sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic, and outcome-related. Results: Total of 78 out of 508 infants less than 6 months of age were severely malnourished (5.35%). Their mean age was 4.65 months±1.28. Contributory factors were early dietary diversification (69.2%), and maternal death (14.1%). Marasmus and kwashiorkor were their clinical expressions. Associated complications were gastrointestinal infections (38.5%), septicemia (17.9%), and HIV infection (5.1%). Diluted F-100 was the most used therapeutic food (46.1%) with a recovery rate estimated at 41% and mortality at 19.3%. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition in infants under six months of age is real and it involves three out of twenty infants admitted to the hospital. In-hospital mortality is significant. It is urgent to review the policies related to exclusive breast feeding promotion.