Postpartum haemorrhage: interventions and treatment of the nursing professional to prevent hypovolemic shock

Abstract

Introduction: In Colombia, postpartum haemorrhage is the second cause of mortality in pregnant women between 24 and 34 years of age, with 6.9 cases per 1,000 live births. After childbirth, it is expected that 8.2% of Latin American women will present with postpartum haemorrhage. Objective: Screening or nursing care for women with postpartum haemorrhage to reduce the risk of hypovolemic shock, through an integrative review of the literature. Methods: Integrative review of literature following on purpose by Sasso, de Campos e Galvão; the research was carried out in Clinical Key, LILACS, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar; the articles published in the last five years, in Spanish, English and Portuguese, are classified by level of evidence and degree of recommendation. This research is low risk due to its documentary nature. Results: We collected forty and definitive articles. The information was organized in: clinical chart, nursing care and difficulties in obstetric and gynaecological care. Discussion: Nursing professionals must identify the barriers to care, assessing the resolution capacity of the institutions and analysing the cases of maternal death. The use of misoprostol with oxytocin or carbetocin alone is recommended in combination with ergometrine and oxytocin according to the volume of bleeding. Conclusion: It is pertinent to perform a physical examination to recognize signs of hemodynamic instability and hypovolemic shock, and the diagnoses and nursing interventions must focus on the provision of quality care, to avoid complications such as death.