Hybrid composites based on phthalocyanine and carbonaceous materials for sensing applications: a review

Abstract

The hybrid composite materials have a profound interest due to the synergetic combination of the properties to yield significant enhancement in the desired properties. Hybrid composites of phthalocyanine with carbonaceous materials are known to have surprisingly superior catalytic and sensing response. This review provides a brief discussion on the design and construction of phthalocyanine based hybrid composite for sensing environmentally important pollutants and biomolecules. These composite material-based electrochemical sensors are applied for the nanomolar to millimolar level detection of various environmental pollutants, toxic molecules, heavy metals and bio-active molecules. The hybrid systems are sensitive, selective and yield reliable responses. Furthermore, possible catalytic sensing mechanism at the hybrid sensor system has been discussed.