Mental health professionals' use of the ICD-11 classification of impulse control disorders and behavioral addictions: An international field study

Author:

Fuss Johannes1ORCID,Keeley Jared W.2ORCID,Stein Dan J.34ORCID,Rebello Tahilia J.5,García José Ángel6,Briken Peer7,Robles Rebeca8,Matsumoto Chihiro9,Abé Christoph1011,Billieux Joël1213ORCID,Grant Jon E.14,Kraus Shane W.15ORCID,Lochner Christine16,Potenza Marc N.1718192021ORCID,Reed Geoffrey M.22ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

2. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, South Africa

4. South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa

5. Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA

6. Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica, Mexico City, Mexico

7. Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatriy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

8. Global Mental Health Research Center, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico

9. Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tokyo, Japan

10. Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

11. Quantify Research, Stockholm, Sweden

12. Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland

13. Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

14. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

15. Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA

16. Department of Psychiatry, SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa

17. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

18. Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

19. Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

20. Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA

21. Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA

22. Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

Abstract

AbstractBackground and aimsThe ICD-11 chapter on mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders contains new controversial diagnoses including compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), intermittent explosive disorder (IED) and gaming disorder. Using a vignette-based methodology, this field study examined the ability of mental health professionals (MHPs) to apply the new ICD-11 diagnostic requirements for impulse control disorders, which include CSBD and IED, and disorders due to addictive behaviors, which include gaming disorder, compared to the previous ICD-10 guidelines.MethodsAcross eleven comparisons, members of the WHO's Global Clinical Practice Network (N = 1,090) evaluated standardized case descriptions that were designed to test key differences between the diagnostic guidelines of ICD-11 and ICD-10.ResultsThe ICD-11 outperformed the ICD-10 in the accuracy of diagnosing impulse control disorders and behavioral addictions in most comparisons, while the ICD-10 was not superior in any. The superiority of the ICD-11 was particularly clear where new diagnoses had been added to the classification system or major revisions had been made. However, the ICD-11 outperformed the ICD-10 only in a minority of comparisons in which mental health professionals were asked to evaluate cases with non-pathological high involvement in rewarding behaviors.Discussion and ConclusionsOverall, the present study indicates that the ICD-11 diagnostic requirements represent an improvement over the ICD-10 guidelines. However, additional efforts, such as training programs for MHPs and possible refinements of diagnostic guidance, are needed to avoid over-diagnosis of people who are highly engaged in a repetitive and rewarding behavior but below the threshold for a disorder.

Publisher

Akademiai Kiado Zrt.

Reference48 articles.

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4. High involvement versus pathological involvement in video games: A crucial distinction for ensuring the validity and utility of gaming disorder;Billieux, J.,2019

5. Functional impairment matters in the screening and diagnosis of gaming disorder. Commentary on: Scholars’ open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal (Aarseth et al.);Billieux, J.,2017

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