Using latent class analysis to identify different clinical profiles according to food addiction symptoms in obesity with and without binge eating disorder

Author:

Aloi Matteo12ORCID,Liuzza Marco Tullio3ORCID,Rania Marianna4ORCID,Carbone Elvira Anna34ORCID,de Filippis Renato2ORCID,Gearhardt Ashley Nicole5ORCID,Segura-Garcia Cristina34ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

2. Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy

3. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Italy

4. Outpatient Unit for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy

5. Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Abstract

AbstractBackground and aimsExisting research suggests that food addiction (FA) is associated with binge eating disorder (BED) and obesity, but the clinical significance of this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the different clinical profiles of FA symptoms among patients who have obesity with/without BED using latent class analysis (LCA).Methods307 patients (n = 152 obesity and BED, n = 155 obesity without BED) completed a battery of self-report measures investigating eating psychopathology, depression, emotional dysregulation, alexithymia, schema domains, and FA. LCA and ANOVAs were conducted to identify profiles according to FA symptoms and examine differences between classes.ResultsLCA identified five meaningful classes labeled as the “non-addicted” (40.4%), the “attempters” (20.2%), the “interpersonal problems” (7.2%), the “high-functioning addicted” (19.5%) and the “fully addicted” (12.7%) classes. Patients with BED and obesity appeared overrepresented in the “high-functioning addicted” and “fully addicted” classes; conversely, patients with obesity without BED were most frequently included in the “non-addicted” class. The most significant differences between the “high-functioning addicted” and “fully addicted” classes versus the “non-addicted” class regarded heightened severity of eating and general psychopathology.Discussion and conclusionsThe results bring to light distinct clinical profiles based on FA symptoms. Notably, the "high-functioning addicted" class is particularly intriguing as its members demonstrate physical symptoms of FA (i.e., tolerance and withdrawal) and psychological ones (i.e., craving and consequences) but are not as functionally impaired as the “fully addicted” class. Identifying different profiles according to FA symptoms holds potential value in providing tailored and timely interventions.

Publisher

Akademiai Kiado Zrt.

Reference78 articles.

1. The role of self‐monitoring metacognition sub‐function and negative urgency related to binge severity;Aloi, M.,2020

2. Metacognition and emotion regulation as treatment targets in binge eating disorder: A network analysis study;Aloi, M.,2021

3. How are early maladaptive schemas and DSM-5 personality traits associated with the severity of binge eating?;Aloi, M.,2020

4. Validation of the Italian version of the Yale food addiction scale 2.0 (I-YFAS 2.0) in a sample of undergraduate students;Aloi, M.,2017

5. The young schema questionnaire short form 3 (YSQ-S3): Does the new four-domains model show the best fit?;Aloi, M.,2020

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