Oral Colonization by Entamoeba gingivalis in the Biofilm and Saliva from Patients with Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Background: In addition to human cells, healthy gums contain a variety of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa that may contribute to unhealthy sites. The effect of pathogens lysis or other immune cell lysis needs to be clarified in order to expand the current pathophysiological pattern of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence of E. gingivalis among patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals in order to support public health action. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the incidence rate and some parameters, such as patient age and gender. Methods and Results: This study enrolled 51 subjects divided into two groups: The case group involved 31 patients (15 females and 16 males) with periodontal disease; the control group included 20 people (10 females and 10 males) with healthy oral cavities. Biofilm and saliva samples were collected and examined for the presence of E. gingivalis. A total of 22(71.0%) patients of various ages with periodontal disease were infected with E. gingivalis. Male patients were more likely to have the amoeba than female patients. E. gingivalis was also found in the control group, albeit at a lower frequency (P=0.005). Conclusion: Infections with E. gingivalis should be considered as a potential pathological factor associated with the development of periodontal diseases. More research should be conducted to determine whether E. gingivalis is the primary cause of tissue destruction and disease progression, or if it is acting synergistically with the current pathogenic bacteria that should be investigated further.