Atmospheric pollution and building materials: stone and glass

Author:

Lefèvre R. A.1,Ausset P.1

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), Joint Research Unity CNRS — Universities Paris VII and Paris XII, Faculty of Sciences 94010 Créteil, France

Abstract

AbstractThe research carried out by LISA on the decay of stone and glass by atmospheric pollution is presented. On building facades, areas unsheltered from rain are clear and eroded, while those that are sheltered darken due to the development of black crusts containing anthropogenic particles (fly-ash, soot) cemented by a framework of gypsum crystals. On calcareous stones, in-depth sulphation of the stone substrate may also occur at the same time. On porous calcareous stones, the black crusts detach periodically forming black slabs, creating a white, grey and black jigsaw-like pattern on the remaining stone surface. By exposing stone test samples to field and/or laboratory controlled polluted atmospheric conditions, the formation of embryonic black crusts has been observed. Grey crusts developed during pre-industrial times have been found to contain unburnt wood debris as a record of past air pollution. Glass alters by leaching, corrosion, encrusting and soiling. The quantification of the effects of atmospheric pollution can be accomplished either directly on buildings of different ages, or through field and/or laboratory controlled experiments. Modelling of the alteration of materials by atmospheric pollution consists of the determination of dose-response functions, of acceptable levels and thresholds and in risk assessment mapping.

Publisher

Geological Society of London

Subject

Geology,Ocean Engineering,Water Science and Technology

Reference36 articles.

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4. Recording of pre-industrial atmospheric environment by ancient crusts on stone monuments

5. Embryonic sulphated black crusts on carbonate rocks in atmospheric simulation chamber and in the field: role of carbonaceous fly-ash

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