Crustal fluid flow in hot continental extension: tectonic framework of geothermal areas and mineral deposits in western Anatolia

Author:

Gessner Klaus12,Markwitz Vanessa3,Güngör Talip4

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

2. Present address: Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia

3. School of Earth & Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

4. Department of Geological Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca 35160, İzmir, Turkey

Abstract

AbstractLithospheric thinning and crustal extension have shaped the Alpine orogen in western Anatolia since the late Oligocene, resulting in the denudation of one of Earth's largest metamorphic core complexes, the Menderes Massif. We review locations and characteristics of geothermal fields and of Miocene mineral deposits in the context of crustal structure and geodynamic processes. Thermal spring locations show a close spatial association with active fault zones; the largest geothermal areas are located in the widest graben and at fault intersections, but show little relation to volcanic activity. During the first stage of tectonic denudation in the Miocene, epithermal, porphyry-type gold and structurally controlled base-metal deposits formed synchronously with K-rich volcanic and plutonic complexes in the northern Menderes Massif. Depositional environments favoured the formation of lignite, sedimentary uranium and borate deposits. Throughout this phase of extension in a hot continental setting, secondary porosity caused by brittle faulting of metamorphic basement rocks provided the key pathways for fluids and magmas. Although the Menderes Massif has remained in a similar position relative to active plate boundaries from the Miocene to the present, three significant changes in subcontinental mantle dynamics affected the nature of hydrothermal flow. First, the partial removal of lithospheric mantle changed the primary source component of magmatic rocks and metals from metasomatized lithosphere mantle to asthenospheric mantle. Secondly, surface uplift and progressive crustal extension led to segmentation of the Miocene land surface along NNE–SSW- and east–west-orientated fault zones, which changed the overall structural control on crustal permeability. Finally, hydrothermal flow changed from locally magmatic driven, to focused flow of topographically and thermally driven fluids in the crust, with high background heat flow caused by regional upwelling of the asthenosphere. The Menderes Massif is a continental tectonic domain that has experienced rapid thinning of lithospheric mantle and crustal extension in an overall convergent plate tectonic setting. The tectonic and geodynamic framework for evolving hydrothermal activity in western Anatolia may be applicable to other ore-forming systems in hot, extending continental crust in Earth's history.

Publisher

Geological Society of London

Subject

Geology,Ocean Engineering,Water Science and Technology

Reference183 articles.

1. Palaeoclimatic evolution and vegetational changes during the Late Oligocene–Miocene period in Western and Central Anatolia (Turkey)

2. Türkiye jeothermal potansiyelinin isi akisi hesaplamasiyla degerlendirilmesi;Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration,2014

3. Akkuş İ. , Akıllı H. , Ceyhan S. , Dilemre A. & Tekin Z. 2005. Türkiye jeotermal kaynakları envanteri. MTA Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, Envanter Serisi, 201.

4. Deformation of western Turkey from a combination of permanent and campaign GPS data: Limits to block-like behavior

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3