Review of till geochemistry and indicator mineral methods for mineral exploration in glaciated terrain

Author:

McClenaghan M. B.1ORCID,Paulen R. C.1,Smith I. R.2,Rice J. M.1,Plouffe A.1,McMartin I.1,Campbell J. E.1,Lehtonen M.3,Parsasadr M.1,Beckett-Brown C. E.4

Affiliation:

1. Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada

2. Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 33 St NW, Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A7, Canada

3. Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 96, FIN-02151 Espoo, Finland

4. Ontario Geological Survey, 933 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 6B5, Canada

Abstract

Since the 1970s, till geochemical and indicator mineral methods for mineral exploration, provenance studies and environmental research in glaciated terrain have been developed, tested and refined. This review summarizes these methods, focusing on field and laboratory methods for till geochemical, indicator mineral and boulder surveys. This review of protocols is intended as a guide for the mineral exploration industry and publicly funded agencies. It summarizes till as a sample medium, and describes the formation of glacial dispersal trains, along with methods for till sample collection, sample processing, matrix geochemistry, indicator mineral analyses, quality assurance/quality control procedures and data reporting and interpretation. The methods described here can be used to conduct reconnaissance- to deposit-scale till sampling surveys to assess mineral resource potential and establish environmental baselines. Supplementary material: Appendix A – Photographs of till types described in text; Appendix B – Logistical and geological factors to consider in till sample survey design; Appendix C – Photographs of glaciate terrain types described in text; and Appendix D – Till sample processing and analysis flow charts are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6786087 Thematic collection: This article is part of the Reviews in Exploration Geochemistry collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/reviews-in-exploration-geochemistry

Funder

Natural Resources Canada

Publisher

Geological Society of London

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Geochemistry and Petrology,General Environmental Science,General Chemistry

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