A reassessment of ‘<i>Globigerina bathoniana</i>’ Pazdrowa, 1969 and the palaeoceanographic significance of Jurassic planktic foraminifera from southern Poland

Abstract

Abstract. ‘Globigerina Ooze’, Foraminiferal Ooze or Carbonate Ooze as it is now known, is a widespread and highly characteristic sediment of the modern ocean system. Comparable sediments are much less common in the geological record although, as we describe here, a number of Middle Jurassic carbonate sediments with distinctive assemblages from Central Europe fulfil many of the criteria. One important component of these assemblages in the Middle Jurassic is ‘Globigerina bathoniana’ Pazdrowa, 1969, first described from the Bathonian sediments near Ogrodzieniec (Poland). The generic assignment of this species and other coeval Jurassic taxa is discussed. This species and many of the other early planktic foraminifera evolved in the Aragonite ll Ocean, together with the other two oceanic carbonate producers: the calcareous nannofossils and the calcareous dinoflagellates. The preservation of carbonate sediments with abundant planktic foraminifera on the sea floor indicates that, by the mid-Jurassic, the carbonate/aragonite compensation depths (and associated lysoclines) must have developed in the water column.