Provenance studies of very low- to low-grade metasedimentary rocks of the Puncoviscana complex, northwest Argentina

Abstract

AbstractA provenance study of Neoproterozoic to Lower Cambrian rocks for the entire Puncoviscana Basin was conducted, using 119 samples from 15 different outcrops. Petrographic data (Qt60–80, F15–35, L5–20, P/F 0.2–0.4, Lv/L = 0) show a composition comparable to foreland-basin successions. Lithoclasts are of metamorphic and metasedimentary origin. Volcanic debris is detected only in the form of sanidine, and volcanic lithoclasts were probably decomposed to form pseudo-matrix. Framework clasts are sub-angular to sub-rounded, and the rocks are poorly sorted. Major element geochemistry shows a moderate to high Chemical Index of Alteration (56–77) and failed to provide coherent provenance and rock classification. Trace element geochemistry suggests a rhyodacitic composition overall. Rare earth element patterns are comparable to those of model upper continental crust (UCC), as are concentrations of Nb, Ta, Ti, Th-Sc and Eu/Eu* (0.45–0.87; 95% between 0.4 and 0.7); reworking signatures are not detected. The uniform mineralogical and geochemical composition reflects supra-crustal source(s) for the entire basin, including significant metamorphic rock debris. The Puncoviscana complex is interpreted as a peripheral Pampean foreland basin, fed mainly from an eastern fold-thrust belt, but includes relicts of pre- and syn-collisional magmatic activity as well. A source area of UCC composition to the west is represented by the Arequipa block.