Insights on the controls on floodplain-dominated fluvial successions: a perspective from the Early–Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation in Río Chalía (Patagonia, Argentina)

Author:

Cuitiño José I.1ORCID,Sol Raigemborn M.2ORCID,Susana Bargo M.34ORCID,Vizcaíno Sergio F.4ORCID,Muñoz Nahuel A.4ORCID,Kohn Matthew J.5ORCID,Kay Richard F.6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología, CENPAT – CONICET, Boulevard Almirante Brown 2915 (U9120ACD) Puerto Madryn, Argentina

2. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas, CONICET – UNLP, Diagonal 113 n.o 275 (1900) La Plata, Argentina, and Cátedra de Micromorfología de Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Calle 122 y 60 s/n, (1900) La Plata, Argentina

3. CIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina

4. División Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Unidades de Investigación Anexo Museo, UNLP, FCNyM – UNLP, Calle 122 y 60 s/n, (1900) La Plata, Argentina

5. Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA

6. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA, and Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences (Nicholas School of the Environment), Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA

Abstract

The Santa Cruz Formation (SCF) in Río Chalía (Austral Basin, Patagonia, Argentina) is a well-exposed fluvial succession with abundant and diverse fossil vertebrates accumulated during the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO). Using facies analysis, characterization of stratigraphic architecture, U–Pb geochronology and vertebrate palaeontology, we assess the timing and interplay of controlling factors on the sedimentation, including tectonics, global sea level, climate and sediment supply. Throughout the succession, there occurred a constant aggradation of the floodplain-dominated fluvial system. Seven zircon U–Pb ages constrain the time of accumulation between c. 18 and 15.2 Ma, under a relatively constant sedimentation rate of 150  ±  50 m myr–1. The large number of fossil vertebrates indicates a Santacrucian fauna, showing no recognizable changes through the section. The basin-scale, low-gradient anastomosed fluvial system of the SCF records a period of about 3 myr of relatively constant environmental conditions controlled by continuous basin subsidence and high sediment supply conditioned by explosive volcanism together with weathering of uplifting terrains in the Andes. In addition, the system was influenced by a temperate to warm and subhumid climate favoured by the MCO before the onset of the Andean rain shadow, together to high global sea levels.Supplementary material: Preliminary list of the taxa recorded in the SCF at Río Chalía, and LA-ICP-MS isotopic U–Pb data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5324976

Funder

Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica

Universidad Nacional de La Plata

National Geographic Society

Publisher

Geological Society of London

Subject

Geology

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