Affiliation:
1. School of GeoSciences, Grant Institute, The King's Buildings, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
Abstract
Abstract
Sedimentary rocks with high natural CO
2
concentrations provide invaluable analogues for the long-term engineered storage of CO
2
. Some previous studies have reported high trace metal concentrations in sandstone aquifers exposed to CO
2
, a cause for concern should stored CO
2
leak into underground sources of drinking water. However, the intensively studied Jurassic sandstone aquifer in the San Rafael–Green River (Utah, USA) area has trace metal concentrations that are within US Environmental Protection Agency's limits for drinking water. Exceptions are As which is plausibly introduced into the aquifer by saline brines external to the aquifer, and salinity which largely is. This shows that CO
2
in aquifers does not inevitably cause trace metal contamination. CO
2
–water–rock batch experiments elucidated the controls on the trace metal concentrations. After the addition of CO
2
, the experiments reproduce Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni and Zn well, with less good agreement for Cr and Pb although these are still low compared to drinking water standards. Major cations used as fingerprints for mobilization mechanisms suggest that the trace metals are largely derived by desorption, possibly from grain-coating Fe-oxides, rather than by the dissolution of mineral phases. Possible exceptions are Pb and Ni, plus As which is derived from saline brines.
Funder
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
ScottishPower
Publisher
Geological Society of London
Subject
Geology,Ocean Engineering,Water Science and Technology
Reference25 articles.
1. Risks attributable to water quality changes in shallow potable aquifers from geological carbon sequestration leakage into sediments of variable carbonate content
2. Reactive alteration of a Mt. Simon Sandstone due to CO2-rich brine displacement
3. Department of Energy & Climate Change 2014. Methodology for the sampling and analysis of produced water and other hydrocarbon discharges. Online report.
4. Environmental Protection Agency 2022a. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations
5. Environmental Protection Agency 2022b. Secondary Drinking Water Standards: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/secondary-drinking-water-standards-guidance-nuisance-chemicals
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献