In Situ SEM Observations of Electromigration Voids in Al Lines under Passivation

Author:

Flinn Paul A.,Madden Michael C.,Marieb Thomas N.

Abstract

Since the early work of Ilan Blech and Gene Meieran more than 20 years ago, electromigration (mass transport produced in a metallic conductor by current flow) has been recognized as an important reliability hazard for solid-state electronic devices. The continuing shrinkage of dimensions in VLSI devices has resulted in a continuing increase in the current density in the interconnection lines and a corresponding increase in the potential electromigration hazard. Although there have been improvements in the materials and structures used for interconnections, notably the addition of copper to aluminum and the use of layered structures, the provision of an adequate margin of safety has become increasingly difficult and is an important constraint on both device design and process development.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science

Reference16 articles.

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