Method for producing large, stable concentrations of Sc2+in optically clear CaF2 crystals

Abstract

This communication describes a new method for producing stable, high concentrations of Sc2+ in optically clear CaF2 crystals. We have achieved Sc2+ concentrations as high as 3 × 1018 cm−3 without degradation of optical quality. We have converted as much as 5% of the scandium dopant to the divalent state. The concentration of divalent scandium is stable during room temperature storage for periods of at least one year.