Evaluation of thermal aging embrittlement of austenitic stainless steels JN1, JJ1, and JK2 by cryogenic small-punch testing

Abstract

Small-punch tests were conducted at 4, 77, and 293 K on three newly developed cryogenic austenitic stainless steels, JN1, JJ1, and JK2, which were solution treated, water-quenched, and then aged at 923, 973, 1023, and 1073 K for 5 h. Small-punch test energy was employed for the evaluation of the aging-induced embrittlement behavior in these materials. An SEM analysis of the fracture surface for the solution-treated steel specimens indicated a ductile fracture, having the highest SP test energy values. On the contrary, intergranular brittle fracture was observed in aged specimens. The small-punch test energy of materials decreased significantly as the aging process progressed. The highest and lowest decrease in small-punch test energy with aging temperature occurred in JN1 and JK2 steels, respectively. The decrease in small-punch test energy was shown to follow appropriately the aging-induced embrittlement in these materials. The difference in aging-induced embrittlement behavior for these steels was explained on the basis of the volume fraction of intergranular precipitates in aged samples.