Abstract
AbstractElectric vehicles are now proliferating based on technologies and components that in turn rely on the use of strategic materials and mineral resources. This review article discusses critical materials considerations for electric drive vehicles, focusing on the underlying component technologies and materials. These mainly include materials for advanced batteries, motors and electronics, lightweight structures, and other components specific to each vehicle type. Particularly strategic and widely used minerals and elements/structures for electric vehicles include nickel, cobalt, rare-earth minerals, lightweight and high strength steel alloys and underlying metals (e.g., magnesium and aluminum), carbon fiber, graphite and graphene, copper, and steel alloying materials. Additional key considerations include those around component and vehicle supply chains, repurposing and recycling vehicle components at end of vehicle life, and environmental and humanitarian considerations around the extraction and transport of the evolving set of materials needed for modern electric vehicle production.
Graphical abstract
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science
Reference57 articles.
1. M. Gallucchi, EVs Will Drive a Lithium Supply Crunch (IEEE Spectrum, May 5 2021). https://spectrum.ieee.org/evs-to-drive-a-lithium-supply-crunch. Accessed 10 Aug 2021
2. H. Ambrose, A. Kendall, J. Ind. Ecol. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12949
3. P. Greim, A.A. Solomon, C. Breyer, Nat. Commun. 11, 4570 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18402-y
4. T.G. Goonan, Lithium Use in Batteries (U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1371, 2012). http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1371/. Accessed 7 Jul 2021
5. E.A. Olivetti, G. Ceder, G.G. Gaustad, X. Fu, Joule 1(2), 225 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2017.08.019
Cited by
19 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献