Formation route of higher member phases from lower ones in the Tl–Ca–Ba–Cu–O system

Abstract

An experiment was designed to follow the formation of higher member phases from lower member phases in the Tl2Can−1Ba2CunO2n+4 series. Coarse particles of the lower member phase were directly interfaced with various Ca–Cu–O sources and the pressed pellets were heat treated in air in a gold pocket at 850 °C for a period of 2–4 h. The reacted samples were polished and examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry analysis (EDS). For the 2021 based reaction systems, the results suggest that the 2122 phase can be formed via reactions which involve the decomposition of the 2021 phase, the formation of a complex liquid phase, and finally the reaction between this liquid phase and a Ba/Ca compound. The formation of the 2223 phase from the 2122 phase is likely to follow a similar reaction route. The involvement of a liquid phase in the formation of the higher member phases may lead to a glassy phase, and hence to a barrier to the achievement of a high critical current density.