Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Parameters around Microthread Implants in Patients with and without History of Treated Periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction: Maintenance of crestal bone level is crucial for the success of implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation. Implant neck design plays an important role in maintaining crestal bone levels. The microring neck design is known to counteract the marginal bone loss and improving bone-to-implant contact by providing optimal load distribution as reported by the finite element studies and animal studies. Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate dental implants’ short-term (12 months) clinical and radiographic parameters in periodontally healthy patients versus those with history of treated periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The current prospective interventional study was performed at AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India from 2016 to 2018. In the study, 24 microthreaded implants were placed in periodontally healthy patients (group A, n=12) and patients with a history of treated periodontitis (group B, n=12). Peri-implant radiographic crestal bone loss, clinical measurements like probing pocket depths, bleeding on probing, and soft tissue complications were assessed around implants at time of implant loading, and 3, 6, and 12 months postloading. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: At the end of one-year postloading, peri-implant crestal mean bone loss of 2.317±0.914 mm (mesial), 2.37±1.276 mm (distal) and 2.673±1.178 (mesial), 2.87±1.075 (distal) mm were observed in groups A and B, respectively. The probing pocket depths were 3.729±0.95 mm and 4.017±0.67 mm in groups A and B, respectively at the end of the study period. However, there was no statistical significance for probing depths among both groups. At the end of the study period, soft tissue complications were 16.67% in group B, while no complications were noted in group A. None of the groups showed any technical or mechanical complications. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that crestal bone loss and pocket depths around implants are similar in both groups at various follow up periods. However, the incidence of peri-implant soft tissue complications is higher in patients with history of treated periodontitis.