Effect of Squat Training with Whole Body Vibration on Balance and Functional Performance in Elderly- A Quasi-experimental Study

Abstract

Introduction: Elderly population shows many health related disorders which disrupt their functional performance. Exercise training can alter muscle strength, balance, gait, endurance and finally physical function. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) may enhance reduced performance. Hence, the present study evaluated the effects WBV on balance and functional performance in elders. Aim: To assess and compare the effects of squat training on WBV versus plane surface on balance using Timed Get-Up and Go Test (TUG) and functional performance using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India from August 2015 to March 2016, including 30 healthy elderly individuals with age between 60 to 70 years. They were divided into group A (Squat training on vibratory surface) and group-B (squat training on plane surface). Training was given for four weeks, three sessions per week. Pretest and post-test values of TUG and SPPB which included balance, gait speed and lower extremity strength was assessed. Epi Info version 7 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean age in group A was 64.53±3.22 years and group B was 65±3.81 years. Group A showed significant reduction (p-value <0.001) in time taken to complete TUG from 15.27 seconds to 12.53 seconds and also group B showed improvement from 14.53 seconds to 13.93 seconds. The SPPB score showed improvement in balance (p-value <0.001), gait speed (p-value <0.001) and strength (p-value <0.001) in group A and gait speed (p-value <0.001) in group B. When compared, Group A showed significant improvement in TUG (p-value=0.01) and lower extremity performance (p-value <0.001) than group B. Conclusion: Squat training on vibratory surface significantly improves balance and functional performance in elderly. Hence, this training can be included as a routine exercise for elderly population with all precautions.