Comparative Evaluation of Various Root Canal Irrigants on the Marginal Integrity of Furcal Perforation Repair Material: An In-vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: Furcal perforations can occur during access cavity preparation while locating the canal orifices. This must be sealed immediately. After the repair of furcal perforation, endodontic treatment should be performed with various irrigants to clean the root canal system. This procedure causes unavoidable contact of endodontic irrigants with the site of furcal repair. Aim: To evaluate the effect of root canal irrigants on the marginal integrity of furcal perforation repair material using protein leakage assessment. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted from June to September of 2021 in Kalinga institute of dental sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. A total of 90 extracted mandibular molars with intact furcation were used. Access cavities were prepared. Based on the repair materials, samples were randomly divided into two groups. An artificial perforation of diameter 2 mm was made in the furcation area. The specimens were divided according to the furcation perforation repair materials used: Biodentine, Endosequence (n=45 each). Perforations were filled with Biodentine, Endosequence. They were then subdivided into three subgroups, each containing samples of (n=15) according to the irrigating solutions used. Each group was irrigated with 0.2% Chitosan, Chloroquick, and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) for two minutes, respectively. Protein {Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)} microleakage was checked by preparing apparatus having upper, lower chamber. Protein leakage through the furcation repair material into the lower chamber was assessed by Ultraviolet (UV) visible spectrophotometry. The microleakage was assessed with a reagent Coomassie Brilliant BlueG-250 daily for 60 days. Intergroup comparisons were made using one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Test. The multi group comparisons were made using Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests. Results: A 0.2% Chitosan showed more protein leakage than Chloroquick over a period of 60 days (p<0.0001), as compared to the baseline, 30 days values with both the furcation repair materials. A 5.25% NaOCl irrigated samples exhibited highest protein leakage among all the irrigants. Conclusion: Biodentine has a better sealing ability than Endosequence BC sealer. Chloroquick proved to be the better irrigant as compared to Chitosan, Hypochlorite in terms of affecting sealing of furcation repair materials.