Current Status of Intranasal COVID-19 Vaccine, its Usage and Efficacy: A Narrative Review
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Published:2023
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ISSN:2249-782X
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Container-title:JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
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language:
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Short-container-title:JCDR
Author:
Tandon Ratan,Joshi Abhishek
Abstract
The creation of a vaccine against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has received top focus worldwide. The majority of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates created is given Intramuscularly (IM). Intranasal (IN) vaccines offer a great benefit due to the first involvement of mucosa of the nasal cavity in the due course of disease, also SARS-CoV-2 is spread through respiratory secretions which are infectious, and mucosal immunity due to IN vaccination could contribute significantly to controlling this disease. IN vaccination has been shown in preclinical and clinical investigations to produce significant levels of neutralising antibodies, mucosal IgA, and T-cell responses that protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory pathway. Blocking Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection and transmission requires the immune system response at the initial infection site of the virus. Many IN vaccines are currently under trial for their safety and efficacy, while some are recently approved for use in specific conditions in India and are proven to be protective against the virus and safe also. In this context, this review will provide knowledge of the IN vaccines for their effectiveness and application.
Publisher
JCDR Research and Publications
Subject
Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine