Alexithymia in Children with Traumatic Dental Injuries- A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Alexithymia is a personality trait that affects the emotional regulation. It has been found associated especially with pain disorders. It is a personality construct which is characterised by inability to experience and describe feelings, making an alexithymia patient suffer from mental clouding. Therefore, it is important to diagnose patients with alexithymia in dental clinics since it may adversely affect the doctor patient relationship and treatment outcome. Aim: To find the prevalence of alexithymia and to find any difference in alexithymia traits between children with Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) and those without it. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10-19 years old adolescents reporting to K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India, from February 2018 to September 2018. A total of 420 participants were enrolled with 210 in each group (with TDI and without TDI). Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used to identify alexithymia. Andreasen’s classification for TDI was used to classify the TDI. Chi-square was used to compare the non parametric data between the groups. Unpaired t-test was performed for the comparison of scores between groups for total TAS-20 score and as well as for the nine dimensions. Results: The prevalence of alexithymia was found to be 86.1% in children with TDI compared to 30.9% in children without TDI. The difference in prevalence of alexithymia between children with TDI and those without was statistically significant (p-value=0.0001). Children with TDI reported with significantly higher total TAS scores. However, difference with respect to gender was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of alexithymia was found significantly higher in children with TDI. Also, the TAS-20 score and the individual domain scores were higher in children with TDI. Hence, alexithymia may be associated with TDI.