A New Approach for Second-tier Analysis of Methylmalonic Acid in Dried Blood Spots using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Introduction: Inactivity or diminished activity of an enzyme Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (a Cobalamin dependent) enzyme causes inborn error of metabolism named Methylmalonic Acidemia/Aciduria (MMA). Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based method for the diagnosis of MMA in Newborn Screening (NBS), is often challenging due to the nonspecificity of propionylcarnitine (C3), a primary marker in routine NBS. Aim: To develop a Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) method for the second-tier estimation of Methylmalonic acid in the Dried Blood Spots (DBS) of primary NBS. Materials and Methods: A retrospective NBS study was conducted for a period of two years i.e. (November 2015 to November 2017) at the Paediatrics Research and Genetic Lab of Maulana Azad Medical College associated Lok Nayak Hospital, a Tertiary Care Centre in New Delhi, India. DBS samples were collected by heel- prick method and a second tier detection, quantification of methylmalonic acid was performed by LC-MS/MS on all samples with abnormal C3 levels in primary NBS. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode at m/z 117→73 for MMA and m/z 120→75 for MMA(IS) and isotopic dilution approach was followed for quantification. Results: Intra-assay and inter-assay precision and accuracy was determined at two different levels of MMA (LQC≅2.0 μmol/L and HQC≅10.0 μmol/L), respectively. The Coefficient of Variation (%) for intraday precision ranged between 5.27% to 8.9%. Similarly, for interday it ranged from 4.99% to 9.93%. The average accuracy (%) also falls within (105.4% and 106.1%) for interday and (105.9% and 106.7%) for intraday assay. Stability for samples during storage at different temperature i.e., (fresh, 2-8°C and -20°C) showed long term stability at -20°C storage. The assay was linear over a calibration range of (0.5 to 20.00 μmol/L). Conclusion: The outcome of the present data offers the confidence and reliability in the possible utility of this method for the definitive diagnosis and follows-up of MMA patients.