Three-dimensional Computer-aided Design System used in Orthodontics and Orthognathic Surgery for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning- A Narrative Review

Abstract

Three dimensional advancements in technology have made a profound impact on various fields, and dentistry, particularly the branch of orthodontics and orthognathic surgeries, which has not been exempt from this transformative influence. Among the cuttingedge technologies that have gained significant traction is Three-Dimensional (3D) printing, which has found its initial applications in orthodontics for producing dental casts. By integrating intraoral scanners, dentists now possess the remarkable ability to obtain dental impressions without subjecting patients to the discomfort associated with traditional methods. Furthermore, 3D planning techniques have emerged as a pivotal element in orthodontics, especially when striving for optimal aesthetic and occlusal outcomes. Precise treatment planning plays a vital role in ensuring successful orthognathic surgeries and other orthodontic interventions. The utilisation of 3D planning techniques facilitates the gathering of comprehensive data, thereby achieving two main objectives: an accurate diagnosis of the dentoskeletal deformity and the formulation of a treatment plan that can be faithfully replicated during the clinical procedure. Even 3D imaging technology, such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), has become an indispensable tool in dentistry. These imaging techniques provide volumetric images of a patient's facial anatomy, enabling the transformation of intricate details into precise 3D representations of the craniofacial skeleton and soft tissue layers. Consequently, this progress has led to the development of computerised resources dedicated to preoperative planning and the fabrication of surgical splints. The integration of advanced technologies, including 3D printing, 3D planning techniques, and 3D imaging technology, has revolutionised orthodontics, providing dentists with precise tools for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and ultimately, enhanced patient care. As this field continues to progress, the potential for further advancements and innovative applications utilising artificial intelligence becomes an exciting prospect in the ever-evolving landscape of modern dentistry.