Thyroid Dysfunction and its Correlation with Section Metabolic Syndrome among Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karnataka: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunctions are more common among women than men and increase near menopause. These are also associated with metabolic syndrome, increasing cardiovascular risk. These cardiovascular events and cerebrovascular events increase women’s morbidity and mortality, especially after menopause. Though many researchers in the past few decades have tried to highlight this problem, majority of them have focused on the elderly population. Studies on women of the perimenopausal age group are still not frequently found. Aim: To assess the correlation between thyroid dysfunction and metaoblic syndrome among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending the Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) of Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagara BG, Karnataka, India, from December 2017 to May 2019. Total 100 participants were included in the study, of which 50 were perimenopausal and 50 were postmenopausal women. Clinical history, examination and relevant investigations {Free T3 or Total T3, Free T4 or Total T4, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)} were recorded. Association was studied using Chi-square test, groups were compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, and correlation was estimated using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 55.14±8.05 years. Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 17% of the participants, of whom 14% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 2% had overt hypothyroidism and 1% had hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 45%. There was a significant association of hypothyroidism with Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) (p-value=0.005) and a positive correlation between FBS and TSH level and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) with T3 and T4 levels. Conclusion: Prevalence of hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome were high among perimenopausal women and as FBS increases or HDL decreases, the chances of hypothyroid increases. Therefore, early identification and reduction of these components of metabolic syndrome decreases hypothyroidism and cardiovascular events.