Benefits of Posterior Leaflet Preservation in Patients undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery: A Prospective Interventional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR), an important treatment for rheumatic mitral valve disease, is being widely promoted worldwide. MVR using the total leaflet preservation technique can produce good results; however, patient-specific factors and anatomical considerations must be taken into account when selecting the appropriate surgical approach. Aim: To investigate the benefits of Posterior Leaflet Preservation (PLP) in MVR in individuals with severe mitral stenosis. Materials and Methods: The current prospective interventional study included patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) who had severe mitral valve stenosis and/or regurgitation and underwent MVR between December 2019 and December 2021 in the Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included 50 patients with MVR (PLP) to preserve the posterior leaflets and 50 patients with classic MVR (no PLP). Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF), Left Ventricular End-Systolic Diameter (LVESD), and Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Diameter (LVEDD) were measured before surgery, one, three, and six months after surgery. Results: The majority of patients in the present study were between 23 and 46 years old. The PLP group consisted of 17 men and 33 women, while the non-PLP group had 16 men and 34 women. The difference in cross-clamp time between Group-A and B was significant (p=0.0001). Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) time was significantly different between Group-A and B (p=0.001). Only 4 (8%) patients in Group-A had low cardiac output syndrome, compared with 8 (16%) of patients in Group-B. Comparison of LVEF between groups over time revealed no significant difference (p=0.05). The mean change in LVEF from pre-operative to six months in Group-A was significant (p=0.004), but there was no significant change in Group-B (p=0.25). Conclusion: PLP had no improved beneficial outcome on left ventricular performance in cases with rheumatic stenosis during the six-month follow-up. Even after long-term follow-up, haemodynamic valve properties do not alter with adequate PLP