Histomorphological Spectrum and Immunohistochemical Features of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour: A Series of Eight Cases

Abstract

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours (GISTs) are rare tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), consisting of <1% of all primary GIT neoplasms. Recent studies show an increased incidence, which may be due to improved diagnostic facilities. In contrast to the literature’s judgement and the findings of many Western research, which state that the stomach is the most common place, it was observed that the small intestine was more common. Consequently, the goal of this case series was to characterise the clinicopathological, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical spectrum of GISTs as well as their risk categorisation in accordance with the modified Miettinen and Lasota’s algorithm. Eight patients with GISTs diagnosed between January 2017 and December 2020 at tertiary care centre of Gujarat, India are presented in this case series. There was one young woman among the patients, others were middle or old age male or female and had a median age of 58.5 years. The most typical presentation was abdominal pain, albeit in one instance it was an unexpected discovery. One example of extra Extra GISTs (EGIST), where there were several retro and intraperitoneal masses, and one small intestinal GIST each had lymphoma as the tentative clinical diagnosis. Predominant spindle cell morphology was observed in contrast to other studies. Even if molecular studies are not available in resource-limited countries, the basic Immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel is the most useful in the final diagnosis. Risk stratification criteria are helpful for prognostication and further management with the use of appropriate targeted therapies.