Enhanced Periodontal Debridement with Periodontal Endoscopy (Perioscopy) for Diagnosis and Treatment in Periodontal Therapy

Abstract

The perioscope, which was only recently introduced, has greatly improved the removal of subgingval calculus during periodontal therapy. A fibre-optic periodontal endoscope was created to aid in the imaging of subgingival tissues and to improve periodontal disease diagnosis and treatment. Scaling and root planing have the goal of completely removing plaque and calculus from root surfaces. While this is unachievable, the agreed end-point during periodontal instrumentation is a smooth, glassy root surface. This has frequently led in over instrumentation and excessive cementum removal. Cement removal has been judged unnecessary in most cases. The removal of plaque, calculus, and endotoxin adhered to the root surface is critical. The easiest way to clean root surfaces is to use powered instruments sparingly. Due to a lack of visibility, excessive cementum removal occurs during hand instrumentation. The ability to visibly debride roots using endoscopic technology can improve success rates in a more conservative and minimally invasive manner. The perioscopy device was created to visualise the subgingival region for diagnosis, but it has since been altered to help with periodontitis therapy. The perioscope is a small camera that is encased in a sleeve and inserted under the gingival sulcus or pocket for subgingivally visualisation and instrumentation. This technique gives the greatest conservative approach to non surgical and surgical periodontal care because it enables superb magnified visualisation of the root surface and ensures the total or near complete elimination of the bacterial infection. The aim of this brief review was to provide knowledge about periodontal endoscopy, its implementation in day today practice.