Efficiency of a Bite Wafer on Pain Relief after Self-ligating Orthodontic Fixed Appliance Placement in Adolescents: A Single-centre Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Introduction: The most common treatment proposed to relieve pain and discomfort stemming from the orthodontic treatment is Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID). Non pharmacological approaches, such as chewing a Bite Wafer (BW), have emerged to manage orthodontic pain to avoid sideeffects of ibuprofen or paracetamol in adolescents. Aim: To compare efficiency between a BW chewing group and a control group to relieve orthodontic pain after the placement of a self-ligating fixed appliance in adolescents. Materials and Methods: The present single-centre randomised controlled trial in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium, between August 2019 and December 2020 included 33 teenagers who needed a self-ligating bimaxillary fixed orthodontic appliance. The patients were randomly allocated either to a test group encouraged to first chew on a BW to relieve the pain and then use paracetamol according to need, or to a control group authorised to consume paracetamol only. The BW group was hypothesised to be non inferior to the control group with a margin of 250 mg (one tablet). Data were collected for eight times over a seven-day period. For both groups, pain during four oral functions (biting with front and back teeth, chewing a piece of apple and tapping teeth together three times) were assessed at each time point through the use of a numerical analog scale. The impact of orthodontic appliance on eating habits and functional limitations was evaluated at the end of the study period. Data was calculated as means and standard deviation for quantitative variables, median and Interquartile Range (IQR) were added for skewed data. Results: The mean age of study participants was 12.3±1.1 years and 12.9±1.8 years for control group and BW group, respectively. At each time point, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups for the paracetamol consumption and the pain reported while the four oral functions. Functional limitations were also comparable. Total average consumption of paracetamol over seven days was lower in the test group (1000±954 mg vs 1150±844 mg) but non inferiority of BW compared to paracetamol only could not be statistically demonstrated. The test group used BW on average 5.6±8.9 times and 12.8±12.4 minutes during the seven days. Conclusion: No significant difference in consumption of paracetamol was seen between the BW and paracetamol group.