Immunohistochemical Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Neoplasms and its Association with Histological Type, Grade, Clinical Stage and Tumour Metastasis

Abstract

Introduction: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common gynaecologic cancers and remains the leading cause of death as the patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage of the disease. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a promoter of angiogenesis, participates in multiple mechanisms to promote ovarian cancer cell growth, angiopoiesis and distant metastasis. So, it is a promising target for antiangiogenic therapy in management and downstaging of ovarian cancer. Aim: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in different surface epithelial neoplasms of ovary and compare it with histological type, grade and stage in malignant cases. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted from August 2018 to January 2020. Total 50 consecutive cases of surface epithelial ovarian neoplasms received in Pathology Department of Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack were examined for expression of VEGF by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data was examined to find association of VEGF expression with demographic profile, grade, stage and were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Statistical significance was tested by using Pearson’s chi-square test. The p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total 50 cases of ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms of different types and grade were included in the study. A 42 of the 50 cases (84%) showed VEGF expression. Out of the 42 positive cases, 18 were high VEGF expressors and 24 were low VEGF expressors. The VEGF expression was significantly higher in carcinomas as compared to benign and borderline neoplasms and also in high grade malignancies in comparison to low grade (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that the differential expression of VEGF in different ovarian epithelial neoplasms which can be a diagnostic and prognostic tool and can be applied as a VEGF targeted therapy in certain group of patients.