Study on Association of Serum Uric Acid and Calcium with Insulin and its Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial pathological condition associated with insulin resistance and insulin deficiency. Uric acid and calcium have shown inconsistent association with occurrence of diabetes. Aim: To evaluate the role of uric acid and calcium in development of T2DM. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in Department of Biochemistry from March to November 2019 in Sriram Chandra Bhanja, Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India. A 180 subjects undertaken with the objective of finding any association of serum uric acid and calcium with insulin and its resistance in newly diagnosed T2DM cases. Newly diagnosed T2DM patients were taken as cases. Age and sex matched healthy individuals were taken as controls. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), serum insulin, serum uric acid and ionised calcium were measured in autoanalyser and insulin resistance was calculated using Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA- IR). Other confounding risk factors for T2DM like Body Mass Index (BMI), family history was taken into account. Results: A significant positive correlation of serum uric acid with serum insulin (p=0.029) and its resistance (p=0.032) in cases. Serum calcium was negatively associated with insulin and its resistance in both cases and controls. Regression models showed serum uric acid as a strong independent risk factor for levels of insulin and its resistance. Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that regular evaluation of serum uric acid and calcium should be done in those who are at risk of developing T2DM. Larger prospective studies will be required for definite assessment.