Modified Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap in Immediate Partial Breast Reconstruction for Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Introduction: The primary surgical options for treating breast cancer involve mastectomy or Breast Conservative Surgery (BCS), which may or may not include reconstruction procedures. BCS helps achieve complete tumour excision with an acceptable cosmetic result. Contour deformities and asymmetry are associated with tissue excision in the lateral aspect of the breast. To address this issue, various techniques of volume replacement, such as the modified Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator (LICAP) flap, can be performed. Aim: To demonstrate the outcomes of a modified LICAP flap when a muscle flap is not available or desired. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, reviewing all modified LICAP flaps performed for breast tumours in Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, a tertiary-level cancer centre, from June 2018 to August 2020. Patient demographics, surgical details, histopathology reports, and postoperative complications were collected. Results: Ten patients underwent modified LICAP flaps over a two-year period. All patients had pT2 tumours with marginnegative resection, and the mean resection volume of the specimen was 370 cm3 . Intraoperative patient repositioning was not necessary during the modified LICAP flap procedure. One patient experienced marginal wound necrosis, which was managed conservatively. No patients had scars extending beyond the posterior axillary line, and axillary dissection was performed without a separate incision. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the advantages of using a modified LICAP flap for breast reconstruction. The modified LICAP flap can be considered as an option for tumours located in the outer aspect of the breast, providing good access to the breast as well as the axilla, with an aesthetically acceptable scar.