Risk Factors of Diabetic Nephropathy Development in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-sectional Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious long-term complications of patients with type 2 diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. Early detection and risk reduction measures can prevent DN. However, data showing the survival time and factors associated with DN development among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes is currently not available. Aim: This study aims to explore the survival time and examine the risk factors associated with the development of DN among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted during 1st January, 2002 to 3rd December, 2017 to performed and to explore the survival time and examine the risk factors associated with the development of DN among 1,540 patients with type 2 diabetes who received treatment at the Diabetes Mellitus (DM) clinic in Mahachanachai Hospital, Yasothon Province, Thailand. Data was collected from the Hospital Experience (HOSxP) program and medical records from 2002 to 2017. Kaplan-Meier and Cox’s regressions were used for data analysis. Results: From those 15 years, out of 1,540 cases 306 eligible patients with type 2 DM were selected for survival analysis. The results showed that 274 patients met the criteria for DN (89.50%) and 32 patients (10.50%) did not meet the criteria for DN. The median of DN survival time was five years. Multivariate Cox’s regression analysis confirmed that systolic blood pressure had a statistically significant association with the development of DN among hospitalised type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion: Duration of Diabetes and Systolic blood pressure are associated with the development of DN. The application of future prevention and control measures are highly recommended to control systolic blood pressure for DN protection.