Reduced blood-brain barrier penetration of acne vulgaris antibiotic sarecycline compared to minocycline corresponds with lower lipophilicity

Abstract

BackgroundVestibular side effects such as dizziness and vertigo can be a limitation for some antibiotics commonly used to treat acne, rosacea, and other dermatology indications.ObjectiveUnlike minocycline, which is a second-generation tetracycline, sarecycline, a narrow-spectrum third-generation tetracycline-class agent approved to treat acne vulgaris, has demonstrated low rates of vestibular-related adverse events in clinical trials. In this work, we evaluate the brain-penetrative and lipophilic attributes of sarecycline in 2 non-clinical studies and discuss potential associations with vestibular adverse events.MethodsRats received either intravenous sarecycline or minocycline (1.0 mg/kg). Blood-brain penetrance was measured at 1, 3, and 6 h postdosing. In another analysis, the lipophilicity of sarecycline, minocycline, and doxycycline was measured via octanol/water and chloroform/water distribution coefficients (logD) at pH 3.5, 5.5, and 7.4.ResultsUnlike minocycline, sarecycline was not detected in brain samples postdosing. In the octanol/water solvent system, sarecycline had a numerically lower lipophilicity profile than minocycline and doxycycline at pH 5.5 and 7.4.ConclusionThe reduced blood-brain penetrance and lipophilicity of sarecycline compared with other tetracyclines may explain low rates of vestibular-related adverse events seen in clinical trials.