The impact of biologic therapies on extra-intestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter study

Abstract

IntroductionPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of developing extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs). We aimed to assess the cumulative incidence and clinical course of EIMs in patients treated with Vedolizumab (VDZ) and non-gut selective biologic drugs.Materials and methodsIn this multicenter observational study, we enrolled 1,182 patients with IBD under biologic treatment in tertiary care centers, collecting the rate of new-onset EIMs and the clinical course of new and pre-existing EIMs since the introduction of the ongoing biologic drug (259 VDZ vs. 923 non-gut selective agents, median time 3 vs. 4 years).ResultsAmong 1,182 patients with IBD (median age of 46 years; 55% men) on biologics, the overall cumulative incidence of new onset EIMs was 4.1% (49/1,182), in particular 6.6% (17/259) on VDZ vs. 3.5% (32/923) on non-gut selective biologics (p = 0.02). Among 224 patients reporting new or pre-existing EIMs, those on VDZ showed a higher rate of clinical worsening compared with non-gut selective therapies (15.5 vs. 7.3%, p = 0.08). However, both showed a similar rate of modification of the therapeutic regimen. Female gender [hazard ratio (HR) 2.18], a longer course of ongoing biologic therapy (HR 1.18), ulcerative colitis (UC) (HR 1.83), and VDZ therapy (HR 1.85) were significant risk factors for developing new EIMs.DiscussionOur study suggests that the type of biologic treatment might affect the risk of developing EIMs, with a slightly higher risk in patients on gut-selective therapies. However, a similar clinical course is observed in the two groups.